SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
© Stephen E. Jones[1]
This is part #22, "Seventeenth century" of my "Chronology of the Turin Shroud: AD 30 - present" series. For more information about this series see the Index #1. Emphases are mine unless otherwise indicated. This page was initially based on Ian Wilson's 1996, "Highlights of the Undisputed History: 1600."
[Index #1] [Previous: 16th century (2) #21] [Next: 18th century #23]
17th century (1601-1700).
1602 December 11: A surprise attack by forces under the command of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (r. 1580-1630), and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain (r. 1598–1621), is repelled by the citizens of Geneva[2].
1603 Establishment on August 17 by Federico Cesi (1585–1630) of what was to become in 1847 and 1936 the Pontifical Academy of Sciences[3].
1604a The Shroud begins to be kept rolled around a velvet-covered staff in a new silver-gilt wood casket, four feet long by one foot wide, which would remain the Shroud's container until 1998[4].
1604b May 4: Showing of the Shroud in the presence of Duke Charles Emmanuel I and his court[5].
1605 March 25: Church of the Most Holy Shroud is dedicated in Rome[6].
1606a February 14: Private showing of the Shroud to Silvestro da Assisi-Bini, father general of the Capuchin order, an offshoot of the Franciscans[7].
1606b May 9: Public showing of the Shroud before a crowd which included 40,000 visitors[8].
1607a: Account for four columns in black marble being supplied by a stone cutter in conformity with the design of the Chapel of the Holy Shroud in Turin[9].
1608: September 14. The thirtieth anniversary of the Shroud's arrival in Turin in 1578 [see "1578b"]. A print issued to mark the occasion is
[Above (enlarge)[10]: Print in the British Museum depicting the 1608 exposition of the Shroud in Turin. Unusually eleven bishops are depicted holding the Shroud[11].]
preserved in London's British Museum[12].
1613 May 4. Exposition of the Shroud at which St Francis de Sales (1567-1622), as bishop of Geneva, is one of the bishops who holds the cloth up before the populace[13]. An engraving by Antonio Tempesta (1555–1630) depicted this exposition and their immense popularity[14].
[Above (enlarge): "Antonio Tempesta (1555-1630), View of the Piazza del Castello, Turin, during the ostension of the Holy Shroud, 1613"[15].]
1616-17: Six official faithful "tone for tone, blotch for blotch" copies of the Veronica in St Peter's, Rome (which in turn was a copy of the Image of Edessa/Shroud) were commissioned by Pope Paul V (r. 1605-1621) to be painted by an amateur artist who was also a canon of St Peter's, Pietro Strozzi[16]. And at least three of Strozzi's copies have survived: "The Holy Face of Vienna," "The Holy Face of San Silvestro" and "The Holy Face of Genoa" [Right (enlarge)[17]] (see 27Jul17)[18].
1620a: The Shroud is shown in the Turin Castle Piazza to mark the marriage of Victor Amadeus I (1587-1637) to Christine of France (1606–63)[19].
1620b: A missal with a scene of Jesus being laid in the Shroud is made, preserved today in the Royal Library of Turin, is thought to derive from the workshop of Girolamo [sic] della Rovere[20]. This presumably is it: 
[Left (enlarge)[21]: "Descent from the Cross with the Holy Shroud," by Giovanni Battista della Rovere (1561-1627).]
1624: Exposition of the Shroud at which Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Austria (1589-1631), asks for a copy of the Shroud to be made for herself[22]. She later gives the copy, which is frontal only, to the Dominican nuns of Rome, who 300 years later, give it to the Dominican nuns of the convent of Our Lady of the Rosary, in Summit, New Jersey, USA[23].
1630: On July 26 Duke Charles Emmanuel I dies and is succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Duke Victor Amadeus I (r. 1630-37)[24].
1633 June 16: Public showing of the Shroud in the Castle Piazza, Turin[25].
1635 May 4: Public showing of the Shroud in the Castle Piazza, Turin[26].
1637: On 7 October Duke Victor Amadeus I dies and is succeeded by his eldest son, 5 year-old Francis Hyacinth (1632–38)[27]. His mother, the widowed Duchess Christine, ruled Savoy as his Regent[28].
1638a Private showing of the Shroud at Turin for St. Jeanne Francoise de Chantal (1572-1641), founder of the Order of the Visitation of Mary[29].
1638b: On 4 October Duke Francis Hyacinth dies, aged 6, and is succeeded by his 4 year-old younger brother Duke Charles Emmanuel II (r. 1638–75)[30]. His mother Duchess Christine continued to rule Savoy as Regent but Victor Amadeus I's younger brothers, Princes of Savoy Maurice (1593-1657) and Thomas (1596-1656) disputed
[Right (enlarge)[31]: Christine, Duchess of Savoy, ruled Savoy for ~26 years]
that and started the Piedmontese Civil War (1639–42), with Spanish support to seize Savoy[32]. But Christine, who was the sister of King Louis XIII of France (r. 1610-43), with French support, was victorious and preserved Savoy for her son until he turned 14 in 1648[33]. But at Duke Charles Emmanuel II's invitation Christine continued as ruler of Savoy until her death in 1663[34].
1640 Shroud is exhibited as an expression of thanks for the release of Turin from the plague[35]
1642 Showing of the Shroud to mark the conclusion of peace between the princes of Savoy [see 1638b], in the presence of Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy, her young son Charles Emmanuel II, and the princes Maurice and Thomas of Savoy[36].
1647 May 4: At a public showing this year, held in the Cathedral, some in the enormous crowd died of suffocation[37].
1655 April 24: Massacre, including rape and torture, of thousands of civilian men, women and children of the proto-Protestant Waldensians
[Left (enlarge)[38]: Print dated 1658 depicting the death by torture in 1655 of a young Waldesian woman, Anna Charbonn-iere of La Torre, by Savoyard troops. Her right arm has been burned, her left arm cut off and she was impaled by a stake through her vagina - by so-called `Christians' (Mt 7:21-23)! Anna's terror, pain, loss and death, and that of all martyrs for Jesus, will be avenged by Him (Rev 6:9-11). "As you have done, it shall be done to you" (Ob 1:15).]
by Savoyard troops as ordered by Duke Charles Emmanuel II[39].
1657 June 5: Issue of official warrant authorising developed plans by Swiss-Italian architect Bernardino Quadri (c. 1625-95) for a Chapel of the Holy Shroud, raised high above the level of the cathedral presbytery and connected directly through to the royal apartments in the adjoining Royal Palace[40].
1663a May 16-17: Exposition of the Shroud in the Cathedral of Turin is delayed from the normal May 4 date to coincide with the wedding on 3 April 1663 of Duke Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy with Francesca d'Orleans (1648–1664). She would die 9 months later on 14 January 1664 aged 15[41].
1663b Death on 27 December of Duchess Christine of Savoy[42].
1665a Showing of the Shroud in the Royal Chapel, in the presence of Archbishop of Turin Michele Beggiano (r. 1662-1689), to mark the marriage of Duke Charles Emmanuel II to his distant relative Marie Jeanne de Savoy-Nemours (1644-1724)[43].
1665b May 14: (Feast of the Ascension): Shroud is shown in public before a huge crowd, held up by seven bishops[44].
1665c May 20: Marie Jeanne de Savoy-Nemours marries Charles Emmanuel II[45].
1666a March 24: Private showing for Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria (1597–1623)[46].
1666b May 14: Birth to Duke Charles Emmanuel II and Duchess Marie Jeanne, a son Victor Amadeus II (1666-1732)[47].
1668 May 19: Guarino Guarini (1624–83) is appointed ducal engineer for the construction of the Chapel of the Holy Shroud, Turin Cathedral[48].
1675 June 12: Death of Duke Charles-Emmanuel II and accession of the 9 year-old Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy (r. 1675–1730)[49]. His mother, Duchess Marie Jeanne, ruled Savoy as his Regent, but she refused to relinquish control of Savoy to her son when he attained his majority at age 14 in 1680[50].
1684a March 14: Victor Amadeus II forced his mother to cease being Regent and took his rightful control of Savoy[52].
1684b May 6: Wedding of Duke Victor Amadeus II and Anne Marie d'Orléans (1669-1728), which was arranged by her uncle King Louis XIV (r. 1643–1715) of France[53]. A public exposition of the Shroud to
celebrate the occasion was depicted by an etching on silk [Above (enlarge)], in about 1690, by Pietro Antonio Boglietto[54].
1692 As part of the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), Victor Amadeus II invaded Dauphiné, a French province in southeastern France, after which in 1695-96 he negotiated a treaty with Louis XIV which included the return of Pinerolo to Savoy[55].
1694a The Shroud is given a new black lining cloth by the Blessed 
Sebastian Valfre (1629–1710) [Right (enlarge)], who also adds patches where those of the Poor Clares were becoming inadequate[55a].
1694b June 1: The Shroud is brought into the Guarini Chapel where
[Above (enlarge): Interior of the Chapel of the Holy Shroud before it was closed for repairs in 1990[56].
it remained almost uninterruptedly for over three centuries[57], until 1990 when falling stonework from its dome forced its closure for repairs and moving the Shroud into the Cathedral [see 03Jun15].
1699 May 6: Birth to Duke Victor Amadeus II and Duchess Anne Marie, a son Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont (1699-1715), however, he would die of smallpox in 1715, aged 15[58].
To be continued in the next part 23 of this series.
Notes
1. This post is copyright. I grant permission to quote from any part of this post (but not the whole post), provided it includes a reference citing my name, its subject heading, its date, and a hyperlink back to this page. [return]
2. "1602," Wikipedia, 11 July 2020. [return]
3. Guerrera, V., 2001, "The Shroud of Turin: A Case for Authenticity," TAN: Rockford IL, p.132; "About," The Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 2017; "Pontifical Academy of Sciences," Wikipedia, 1 July 2020. [return]
4. Wilson, I., 2010, "The Shroud: The 2000-Year-Old Mystery Solved," Bantam Press: London, pp.14, 264. [return]
5. Wilson, I., 1998, "The Blood and the Shroud: New Evidence that the World's Most Sacred Relic is Real," Simon & Schuster: New York NY, p.293. [return]
6. Ibid. [return]
7. Ibid. [return]
8. Ibid. [return]
9. Ibid. [return]
10. "print; broadside," Museum number 1913,0528.120, British Museum, 2020. [return]
11. Crispino, D.C., 1987, "The Pilgrim Badge of Lirey," Shroud Spectrum International, No. 25, December, pp.13-18, 16-17. [return]
12. Wilson, 1998, p.293. [return]
13. Ibid. [return]
14. Wilson, 2010, p.265. [return]
15. "The Origins of the Shroud of Turin," Medievalists.net, 24 October 2014. [return]
16. Wilson, I., 1991, "Holy Faces, Secret Places: The Quest for Jesus' True Likeness," Doubleday: London, pp.106-113; Oxley, M., 2010, "The Challenge of the Shroud: History, Science and the Shroud of Turin," AuthorHouse: Milton Keynes UK, p.37. [return]
17. "The Holy Face," Visitgenoa.it, 2020. [return]
18. Wilson, 1991, pp.111-114. [return]
19. Wilson, 1998, p.294. [return]
20. Ibid. [return]
21. "`The Holy Shroud' by Giovanni Battista della Rovere," Wikigallery.org, 30 July 2020. [return]
22. Wilson, 1998, p.294. [return]
23. Ibid. [return]
24. "Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy," Wikipedia, 5 April 2020. [return]
25. Wilson, 1998, p.294. [return]
26. Ibid. [return]
27. "Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy," Wikipedia, 28 December 2019. [return]
28. "Christine of France: Duchess and Regent of Savoy," Wikipedia, 7 April 2020. [return]
29. Wilson, 1998, p.294. [return]
30. "Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy," Wikipedia, 11 April 2020. [return]
31. "File:Portrait of Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy in 1633 by an anonymous artist.jpg," Wikimedia Commons, 20 March 2020. [return]
32. "Christine of France: Duchess and Regent of Savoy," Wikipedia, 7 April 2020. [return]
33. Ibid. [return]
34. Ibid. [return]
35. Ibid. [return]
36. Ibid. [return]
37. Wilson, 1998, p.295. [return]
38. "File:AnnaCharboniereTortured.jpg," Wikimedia Commons, 6 April 2020. [return]
39. "Piedmontese Easter," Wikipedia, 13 July 2020. [return]
40. Wilson, 1998, p.295. [return]
41. "Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans," Wikipedia, 25 June 2020. [return]
42. "Christine of France: Duchess and Regent of Savoy," Wikipedia, 7 April 2020. [return]
43. Wilson, 1998, p.295. [return]
44. Wilson, 1998, p.296. [return]
45. "Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours," Wikipedia, 27 May 2020. [return]
46. Wilson, 1998, p.296. [return]
47. "Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia," Wikipedia, 13 May 2020. [return]
48. Wilson, 1998, p.296. [return]
49. Ibid. [return]
50. "Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours: Regent of Savoy," Wikipedia, 27 May 2020. [return]
51. "File:Vittorio Amedeo II in Maestà - Google Art Project.jpg," Wikimedia Commons, 6 April 2020. [return]
52. "Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia," Wikipedia, 2 October 2019. [return]
53. "Anne Marie d'Orléans," Wikipedia, 28 June 2020. [return]
54. Scott, J.B., 2003, "Architecture for the Shroud: Relic and Ritual in Turin," University of Chicago Press: Chicago & London, p.239. [return]
55. "Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia: Nine Years War," Wikipedia, 13 May 2020. [return]
55a. Wilson, 1998, p.296. [return]
55b. Scott, 2003, p.26. [return]
56. Wilson, I. & Schwortz, B., 2000, "The Turin Shroud: The Illustrated Evidence," Michael O'Mara Books: London, p.17. [return]
57. Wilson, 2010, p.306. [return]
58. "Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont," Wikipedia, 19 November 2019. [return]
Posted 26 July 2020. Updated 7 November 2023 2023.
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